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Earth remote sensing data were used to reconstruct the coast line from Anapa city till Vityazevo village over the period from 1941 to 2011. Regression of the coast line equaled 20-40 meters on the average over the period from 1941 to 2011. Degradation of beaches on Anapa bar will continue. Existing natural sources of beach formation materials (sediment influx along the coast, reproduction of shelly ground, wind deflation, etc.) are not sufficient for keeping beaches in a stable state. It is necessary to take urgent measures for their restoration and stabilization.


Anapa sand beaches have always been rated the best place to rest on the Black Sea coast of Russia. These beaches are a sand bar. A narrow band of influx land made of sand or pebbles which separates a coastal lake from the main basin is normally called bar [4]. Anapa bar stretches from Anapsky cape to Zhelezny Rog cape (fig. 1) . It separates the system of coastal lakes (limans) and lakes (Solenoye lake, Vityazevsky liman, Chemburskoe lake, Anapa flooded areas, etc.) from the Black Sea. According to field measurements, aerial and space imageries regression of the coast is observed practically along the whole length of the bar. Considering exceptional recreational value of Anapa beaches the task of their time history research has not only theoretical but practical importance as well (fig. 2) . The works for time history research of Anapa bar coast line by the results of remote sensing used to be performed earlier. For example, Izmailov A. [1] used aerial photographs dated 1948, 1992 and 200 in his research. According to his data the width of the sea beach south of Vityazevo village was 158 m in 1948, 151 m in 1992 and 137 m in 2000. The reduction of beach width over the whole period was 70 meters. North of Anapa averaged width of the sea beach was 184 m in 1948, 108 m in 1992, 98 m in 2000. Sea beach width reduced by 87 m over the period from 1948 to 2000.

According to Izmailov’s research [1] Anapa beaches reduced by 70-80 meters on the average within 52 years. The beaches continue to degrade. That is why the task of their time history research continues to be important.

Lately there appeared a possibility to apply open data of remote sensing. New materials gave us a possibility to reconstruct the time history of the coast line over the period 1941-2011.

Ten kilometer stretch of sand beaches from Anapa city to Vityazevo (fig. 1) village was selected as the subject of research.

Materials and methods

In order to investigate the time history of the coast line in the past, data about current state of Anapa bar coast line were required. GPS track of the coast line sample stretch was received on August 3, 2011, during a field trip. In order to reference archive remote sensing data present day satellite mosaic of 1 meter resolution was required. ScanEx RDC generously provided for non-commercial use a highly detailed imagery of the area under research, acquired from GeoEye-1 satellite on August 3, 2011.

Images of the 60-s related to CORONA programme (fig 3) were requested from US Geological Service [6]. Out of images requested for the research only one image DS1036-2187DA112 acquired on August 12, 2011, turned out to be applicable for the purpose. After referencing of the above mentioned image to real geographic objects we received the 1966 configuration of the coast line. Starting from Vityazevo village at 1 kilometer interval profiles were laid, which helped to measure changes of the coast line over 45 years (Table 1).

Selection of aerial images of Anapa (fig. 4) made by Luftwaffe was found on http://www.pobeda-info.ru/ [5] site. There were some complications with referencing objects since Anapa bar was not developed at that time and the image was mainly referenced to the parallel road (future Pionersky prospect). Out of all three available images the one acquired on October 24, 1941, could be referenced most accurately due to its big coverage and, therefore, greater number of objects for referencing (Table 1).

Research materials were gathered in GIS “Time history of Anapa bar coast line over the last 70 years” and published with the application of Scanex WEB GeoMixer technology on http://maps.kosmosnimki.ru/api/index.html?YD9DX.

Results and discussions

Acquired data allowed identification of Anapa bar coast line changes over the last 70 years at the stretch from Vityazevo village to Anapa city. To the north of Anapa (profiles 8-10, Tables 1 and 2) the coast line regression was 5-10 meters in 1941-1966 and 20-30 m in 1966-2011.

In 1941-2011 the coast line regression was 20-40 m on the average. It is possible that accelerated regression of the coast line is linked to the beginning of active agricultural exploration of Anapa bar which started in the 60-s of the XX century.

Data received by Izmailov A. [1] show the coast line recession by 70 m on the average. This indicator is two times more than the results received by us.

One of the reasons of results discrepancy is in application of different procedure for referencing of the coast line. For example, Izmailov A. [1] evaluates Anapa bar coast line changes by the relative width of the beach. It is possible that the changes of dune movement were not considered, at that. Besides, the northern part of Anapa city was being intensively developed and the beach width could reduce not only from the sea but also from the shore due to construction of embankment, recreation facilities. In our opinion referencing of archive images to geographic coordinates is more valid. The results of this work are achieved by referencing to geographic coordinates.

When analyzing 1941 images it was noted that the mouth of the Anapka River was 500 m to the south of its current mouth. On the 1966 image the old mouth turned into a liman and the Anapka River mouth received its current outline.

At the second key section to the south of Vityazevo village (profiles 1-2, Table 1) the average regression of the coast line over 45 years is 50-70 meters. Unfortunately, we couldn’t find aerial images of the 40-s related to this section. In general received results coincide with the data by Izmailov A [1].

In the direction from Vityazevo village to Anapa city beach there is a tendency to reduction of the coast line regression rate from 70 m to 20-30 m close the Anapka River mouth. This is related to specific features of hydro tectonic mode formation [2, 3]. Part of the city beach (Anapka River mouth) is covered by Vysoky Bereg cape against the impact of most active south-western and western storms. That is why here the sediment influx along the coast has the main direction from north-west to south-east. It sustains beaches but does not provide positive balance of beach formation material.

In conclusion we would like to note that Anapa bar beaches degradation will continue. Existing natural sources of beach formation materials (sediment influx along the coast, reproduction of shelly ground, wind deflation, etc.) are not sufficient for keeping beaches in a stable state. It is necessary to take urgent measures for their restoration and stabilization.

Acknowledgements

Research has been performed with the support of the Russian Fund of Fundamental research (grant № 11-05-90704-моб_ст.).
Authors thank ScanEx RDC for provided imagery from GeoEye-1 satellite of the subject under research, dated July 17, 2011. Also authors would like to thank Mr. Kosyan R. D., Doctor of Science (Geography) for valuable advice and comments.

Table 1. Time history of the coast line in 1966-2011according to Corona image acquired on August 12, 1966, and GPS track dated August 3, 2011.

Profile number Coordinates Coast line changes, 1966-2011
1 44°58’27” N, 37°15’40” E Coast regression by 73 m
2 44°58’04” N, 37°16’13” E Coast regression by 53 m
3 44°57’40” N, 37°16’44” E Coast regression by 34 m
4 44°57’16” N, 37°17’15” E Coast regression by 42 m
5 44°56’49” N, 37°17’42” E Coast regression by 37 m
6 44°56’22” N, 37°18’08” E Coast regression by 23 m
7 44°55’54” N, 37°18’32” E Coast regression by 22 m
8 44°55’25” N, 37°18’52” E Coast regression by 21 m
9 44°54’54” N, 37°19’04” E Coast regression by 31 m
10 44°54’21” N, 37°19’05” E Coast regression by 23 m

Table 2. Time history of the coast line in 1941-2011according to Luftwaffe aerial image dated October 24, 1941, and GPS track dated August 3, 2011.

Profile number Coordinates Coast line changes, 1966-2011
8 44°55’25” N, 37°18’52” E Coast regression by 22 m
9 44°54’54” N, 37°19’04” E Coast regression by 38 m
10 44°54’21” N, 37°19’05” E Coast regression by 30 m

Literature:

  • 1.Izmailov Ya.A. Evolutsionnaya geographia poberezhya Azovskogo I Chernogo morei. Kniga 1. Anapskaya peresyp’. Sochi. 2005. 174 s.
  • 2. Kosyan R., Kuklev S., Divinskiy B., Kosyan A., Krylenko M., Krylenko V. Evolutsiya berega Anapskoi peresypi Chernogo moray.// Trudy mezhdunarodnoy conferentsii “Sozdanaie I ispolzovanie iskusstvennykh zemelnykh uchastkov na beregakh I avkatorii vodoemov”., Novosibirsk, 2011, str. 208-213.
  • 3. Kosyan R., Kuklev S., Divinskiy B., Kosyan A., Krylenko M., Krylenko V. The forecast of Anapa bay-bar coast evolution and sandy body thickness change. // Proc. of the Int. Conference on Coastal Engineering Practice. ASCE, USA, 2011, pp. 42-55.
  • 4. Leontyev O.K., Rychagov G.I., Obschaya geomorfologiya (uchebnik dlya georg. spets.vuzov)/ – 2-e izdanie, pererab i dop. – M., Vyssh. Schk. 1988.— 318 с.
  • 5. Luftwaffe Аerophotoimagery of Anapa town dated 24.10.1941 Approximate scale 1:43000. German aerials held in the National Archives (Series: Captured War Documents). DT/TM5 – Nr. 185 (http://pobeda-vov.ru/Lib/pages/item.aspx?itemid=2053)
  • 6. CORONA DS1036-2187DA112 program imagery for August 12, 1966 (http://edcsns17.cr.usgs.gov/NewEarthExplorer/)

FIGURES:

  • Fig. 1. Diagram of the area under research. Kosmosnimki.Ru base material
  • Fig. 2. Anapa beaches washaway. Photo by Lavrentiev N.
  • Fig. 3. Fragment of the CORONA space image of Anapa, August 12, 1966. Provided by USGS
  • Fig. 4. Fragment of the Luftwaffe aerial image of Anapa, October 24, 1941; http://pobeda-vov.ru
  • Fig. 5. GIS “Time history of Anapa bar coast line over the last 70 years”, http://maps.kosmosnimki.ru/api/index.html?YD9DX.

Authors: Lavrentiev N.1, Kuklev S.2

  • 1 Officer of ScanEx RDC geoinformation and web technologies department, junior researcher of Evolutional Geography Laboratory of Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences, e-mail: nikitaigran@yandex.ru
  • 2 Candidate of Science (Geography), Head of Hydro physics department of the Southern division of the Federal State Budget Institution of Science at Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ghelendjik, Krasnodarsky region), e-mail: kuklev@ecologpro.ru

Key words: time history, coast line, Anapa bar, remote sensing data.

Eurisy upcoming Conferences


Renewable Energy: the added value of satellite solutions for SMEs. 11 Sept. 2012, Graz, Austria

Eurisy, FFG – Austrian Research Promotion Agency and ICS – Internationalisierungs Center Steiermark are pleased to announce the conference they are organising on Renewable energy: The added value of satellite solutions for SMEs, to be held on 11 September 2012 in Graz, Austria. The conference will be held in the premises of the Economic Development Institute in Graz (Wirtschaftsförderungsinstitut Steiermark/WIFI).

During this free one-day conference, participants will have the opportunity to learn about innovative, operational satellite applications in the renewable energy sector, through good practice examples from SMEs, and network with providers of satellite solutions, policy makers and SME representatives.

link

Valuing and managing biodiversity: how satellite applications can help. 18 Oct. 2012, Lille, France

Eurisy and the Region of Nord Pas de Calais are organising the conference “Valuing and managing biodiversity: how satellite applications can help” to take place in Lille, on the 18 October 2012.

The event will be an opportunity to learn, from practical examples from local and regional authorities, how satellite applications can support regional authorities in monitoring natural habitats and managing biodiversity, as well as to discuss possible mechanisms to improve the access of local and regional authorities to satellite applications, including those resulting from GMES.

link

ESA is inviting 20 developers to its ESRIN location in Frascati and offers them the opportunity to meet with other developers, create mobile applications using satellite data, and gain insight into ESA’s work.

The goal is to come up with a concept for mobile apps using Earth monitoring data on smartphones, in particular by leveraging the possibilities offered by the GMES.

Registration is open from 6 April to 6 May 2012.

More information is available at APP-CAMP

(2 April 2012) DigitalGlobe, a leading global provider of high-resolution earth imagery solutions, today announced their agreement with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to provide statewide Precision Aerial imagery that exceeds the requirements of the Massachusetts state Geographic Information System (MassGIS) Department.

In order to improve response time and preparedness for natural disasters and to enhance information about state geography, the Massachusetts Department of Transportation and the Massachusetts Emergency Management Agency will use DigitalGlobe’s Precision Aerial imagery to create superior baseline maps at a lower cost and higher resolution.

“DigitalGlobe’s aerial imagery can be shared across any state agency under this agreement, enhancing its value to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,” said Rafay Khan, senior vice president at DigitalGlobe. “Using this model, these images can offer the flexibility to benefit any state government for land management, disaster relief, and zoning and elevation data.”

DigitalGlobe’s Precision Aerial product offers complete leaf-off coverage, meaning that before the spring leaves arrive, the imagery displays a clear view of buildings, new developments and transportation routes. This off-the-shelf product delivers the most recent imagery with a faster turnaround rate and delivery. These features make procurement easier within the state, speeding the procurement process and lowering the overall cost.

About DigitalGlobe Precision Aerial Imagery The Precision Aerial product has a 30 cm resolution and 60 cm color infrared aerial mosaics with seamless coverage in the U.S. and Western Europe. Complete coverage of the U.S. will be mapped by June 2012, with additional refreshed coverage over the next few years. It integrates directly into any GIS workflow to provide application-ready imagery with high-resolution and best-in-class accuracy levels. With current, relevant, and broad coverage, Precision Aerial imagery becomes the one-stop-shop for any government agency or enterprise looking to tackle tough issues, from land use and zoning, to transportation and the environment.

About DigitalGlobe DigitalGlobe is a leading global provider of commercial high-resolution earth imagery products and services. Sourced from our own advanced satellite constellation, our imagery solutions support a wide variety of uses within defense and intelligence, civil agencies, mapping and analysis, environmental monitoring, oil and gas exploration, infrastructure management, Internet portals and navigation technology. With our collection sources and comprehensive ImageLibrary (containing more than two billion square kilometers of earth imagery and imagery products) we offer a range of on- and off-line products and services designed to enable customers to easily access and integrate our imagery into their business operations and applications.

(source: DigitalGlobe)

(10 April 2012) ITT Exelis Geospatial Systems has delivered GeoEye’s next-generation commercial imaging system for the GeoEye-2 satellite to Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company in Sunnyvale, Calif.

When operational in 2013, GeoEye-2 will deliver the highest resolution and most accurate color imagery to GeoEye’s commercial, government and international customers.

The Exelis-built imaging payload for GeoEye-2 includes a telescope, sensor subsystem and outer barrel assembly and has the potential to capture panchromatic ground sample distance imagery of the Earth’s surface at 0.34-meter, or 13.38-inch, ground resolution.

“Exelis was instrumental in helping Lockheed Martin revolutionize the commercial remote sensing market by designing and manufacturing the imaging system for GeoEye’s IKONOS satellite, launched in 1999. More than a decade later, Exelis is proud to deliver the imaging system for GeoEye’s next-generation satellite,” said Rob Mitrevski, vice president and general manager, Environmental Intelligence and Integrated Geospatial Sensing Systems at Exelis Geospatial Systems. “Exelis has long relationships with Lockheed Martin and GeoEye, and together, we look forward to the next phase of integrating the Exelis-built imaging system into the GeoEye-2 spacecraft.”

GeoEye-2 will have significant improvements in capability compared with current systems, including enhanced tasking; longer focal length, which enables better resolution; advancements to the sensor subsystem, which improves image quality; and the ability to collect more imagery at a faster rate. The GeoEye-2 satellite will provide cost-effective, increased coverage and easier access to high-resolution satellite imagery for intelligence analysts, warfighters, map producers and commercial customers.

Bill Schuster, GeoEye’s chief operating officer, said, “We commend Exelis for completing this next milestone of our GeoEye-2 program with a superbly performing camera and an on-time delivery of the imaging system to Lockheed Martin. Commercial satellite imagery plays a fundamental and essential role in our country’s national security, disaster response and humanitarian efforts. Soldiers depend on it on the battlefield every day for the most up-to-date situational awareness and to meet many of their operational mission requirements. Commercial imagery is unclassified, and as such, is easily shared with coalition forces.”

The GeoEye-2 satellite bus is being assembled at Lockheed Martin in Sunnyvale, Calif. Its propulsion system has been installed and many of the subsystems are completed and being integrated into the spacecraft.

“Delivery of the imaging payload is a major milestone for the team and another critical step forward in our objective to deploy this cutting-edge satellite in a timely fashion,” said Allen Anderson, GeoEye-2 program director for Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company. “We look forward to integrating the payload with the GeoEye-2 space vehicle and achieving mission success for our customer.”

GeoEye-2 will surpass the performance of the GeoEye-1 satellite, launched in 2008, in resolution, capacity and agility. GeoEye-1 currently is the world’s highest resolution imagery satellite. GeoEye selected Exelis to begin work on the GeoEye-2 imaging system in October 2007.

About GeoEye

GeoEye is a leading source of geospatial information and insight for decision makers and analysts who need a clear understanding of our changing world to protect lives, manage risk and optimize resources. Each day, organizations in defense and intelligence, public safety, critical infrastructure, energy and online media rely on GeoEye’s imagery, tools and expertise to support important missions around the globe. Widely recognized as a pioneer in high-resolution satellite imagery, GeoEye has evolved into a complete provider of geospatial intelligence solutions. GeoEye’s ability to collect, process and analyze massive amounts of geospatial data allows our customers to quickly see precise changes on the ground and anticipate where events may occur in the future. GeoEye is a public company listed on NASDAQ as GEOY and is headquartered in Herndon, Va. with more than 700 employees worldwide.

About ITT Exelis

ITT Exelis is a diversified, top-tier global aerospace, defense and information solutions company with strong positions in enduring and emerging global markets. Exelis is a leader in networked communications, sensing and surveillance, electronic warfare, navigation, air traffic solutions and information systems with growing positions in cyber security, composite aerostructures, logistics and technical services. The company has a 50-year legacy of innovation and technology expertise, partnering with customers worldwide to deliver affordable, mission-critical products and services for managing global threats, conflicts and complexities. Headquartered in McLean, Va., the company employs about 20,500 people and generated 2011 sales of $5.8 billion.

(source: ITT Exelis)

This are the topics of the most recent edition:

  • Intergraph Insights — Meetings Around the World
  • GeoMedia® Smart Client Widens GIS Availability
  • Russian State Center for Applied Microbiology Selects Intergraph’s ERDAS IMAGINE and ERDAS APOLLO to Aid Infectious Disease Management
  • Saving Lives and Property with GeoNexus for iPad
  • Trainer’s Tip — GeoMedia

Training:

  • Advanced Training at Hexagon 2012

Webinare:

  • Upcoming Webinars
  • Archived Webinars
  • Most Viewed On-Demand Webinars in 2011

Weitere Infos:

  • Upcoming Training Courses
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Intergraph Geospatial E-Newsletter is released monthly. Most of our SWM-Customers receive the newsletter via Intergraph/ERDAS direct mailing service. Other customers (or if you did not receive the direct mailing), please use the link we provide here for direkt read of the online version.

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(4 April 2012) Cosmos class reconnaissance satelllite successful in orbit

Russia has confirmed the launch Friday of a Cosmos class military satellite atop a Space Forces Proton-M carrier rocket. “The rocket put the Cosmos-series military satellite into the designated orbit at 09:49 p.m. Moscow time (12:49 a.m. EDT),” Space Forces spokesman Lt. Col. Alexey Zolotukhin told RIA Novosti. The launch was conducted by the Aerospace Defense Forces, Zolotukhin said.

Russia reportedly operates a constellation of 60-70 military satellites capable of reconnaissance, missile early warning and other operations.

Credits: UPI/RIA Novosti/Space War

Feb 2012

TerraExplorer Viewer
With TerraExplorer Viewer, users can navigate and analyze high resolution 3D world environments created by fusing aerial and satellite photography, terrain elevation data and other 2D and 3D information layers.

  • View all terrain data and terrain overlays in 3D with 6 degrees of movement
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  • Add and edit points, lines and polygons
  • Add kml/kmz files and fly files
  • Measure and analyze your 3D terrain (slopes, flows, transects, contours, line of sight, …)
  • Analyze shadows
  • Integrate TerraExplorer into your own application or website
  • Let people based on different locations collaborate on the same dynamic 3D view

TerraExplorer Plus
With TerraExplorer Plus, users can import raster and feature layers and convert them directly in 3D and perform advanced editing functionality and run Tools and Extensions that utilize the comprehensive TerraExplorer Pro API.

  • Includes all TerraExplorer Viewer functions
  • Availability of drawing tools
  • Import geo-referenced images, elevation data and vector layers
  • Link up with spatial database formats and OGC web services
  • Easily add 2D, 3D, dynamic and terrain objects and link them to applicable time ranges
  • Set the appearance of the environment in the 3D Window: fog, sky, clouds & water effects

TerraExplorer Pro
Adds publishing capability, editing tools for all supported objects and feature layer advanced operations.

  • Includes all TerraExplorer Plus functions
  • Advanced drawing tools (pipes, power lines, …)
  • Modify terrain
  • Integrate video on terrain or on billboard
  • Create and edit vector layers or upload geographic data to a server using Web Feature Services (WFS-t)

Download the TerraExplorer Pro data sheet

Compare versions
TerraExplorer contains many functions. Some features are only available in TerraExplorer Plus or TerraExplorer Pro.

Download the comparison table

Telespazio Group, along with its parent company Finmeccanica, participates in the Supply, Installation, Maintenance, Training and Financing of Digital Mapping System of the Republic of Panama for the Tommy Guardia National Geographic Institute of Panama (IGNTG), whose generate objective optical imaging radar satellite images 1:5000 and 1:25000 and 1:5000 topographic mapping and 1:25000 vector.

Aurensis is responsible for developing and implementing web portal publication of the images and topographic maps generated which will be sold over the Internet.

AURENSIS is responsible for developing, training and deployment of web portal publication of the images generated by Telespazio Argentina.

The system will manage the images from around the country all 1:25000 and 1:5000 in urban areas, the volume of information will be considerable and therefore arrangements are in place to optimize and streamline the use of the system.

The portal will have the following features:

  • Publication of the optical imaging 1:5000 and 1:25000 SAR
  • Publication of 1:5000 and 1:25000 topographic maps
  • Select products from the mesh of leaves 1:5000 and 1:25000
  • Selection of products by alphanumeric queries
  • Metadata management
  • Direct sales of products available
  • Management tool geographic portal

The system is developed with free software (geographic server, application server, etc..) On an Oracle database and provides Web access via Internet.

At the end of the project (started in September 2011) Tommy Guardia National Geographic Institute will get:

  • The publication fund orthoimagery and topographic mapping vector
  • Have a sales portal mapping products
  • Improve the image and national and international IGNTG

ESA’s mission control is working to re-establish contact with the satellite. Although this landmark mission has been in orbit twice as long as it was designed for, ESA hopes to keep the satellite in service until the launch of the successor Sentinel missions.

The first sign that there was a problem came on April 8th when contact with the satellite was unexpectedly lost, preventing the reception of any data as it passed over the Kiruna ground station in Sweden. ESA’s mission control team declared a spacecraft emergency and immediately called for support from additional ESA tracking stations around the world. A team of operations and flight dynamics specialists and engineers was quickly assembled. In a concerted effort, the recovery team, which included experts from industry, spent the next days trying to re-establish communications with the satellite.

While it is known that Envisat remains in a stable orbit around Earth, efforts to resume contact with the satellite have, so far, not been successful. As is standard practice, an anomaly review board is investigating the cause for the break in communications.

Envisat has exceeded its planned life of five years by far. Since it was launched in 2002, this remarkable satellite has orbited Earth more than 50 000 times delivering thousands of images and a wealth of data to study and understand our changing planet, establishing itself as a landmark success in observing Earth from space. As the world’s most complex Earth observation satellite, Envisat carries 10 sophisticated instruments that have provided key information about our land, oceans, ice and atmosphere. Combined with data from the ERS missions since 1991, Envisat has provided precise measurements on climate change over the last 20 years. More than 4000 projects in over 70 countries have been supported with Envisat data. Data in the archives will continue to be available for users.

A contingency agreement with the Canadian Space Agency on Radarsat will be activated in order to continue to serve some of the user requirements if the problem with Envisat persists. Volker Liebig, ESA’s Director of Earth Observation Programmes, said, “The interruption of the Envisat service shows that the launch of the GMES Sentinel satellites, which are planned to replace Envisat, becomes urgent.”

The first of the new series of Sentinel missions for Europe’s Global Monitoring for Environment and Security programme is ready for launch next year. The Sentinels will provide the data needed for information services to improve the management of the environment, understand and mitigate the effects of climate change and ensure civil security.

Source ESA